Sun Tzu
EN
02

第2篇：作战篇

Waging War

核心要义

兵贵神速——久战耗资挫锐。孙子的速决战经济学，直接适用于创业公司烧钱率和精益方法论。

Speed is the essence of war — prolonged campaigns drain resources and morale. Sun Tzu's economic argument for rapid decisive action, directly applicable to startup burn rates and lean methodology.

目录

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 第2篇：作战篇

孙子兵法

Sun Tzu’s THE ART OF WAR [ 首页 ](/) [ 作战篇 ](#zuozhan)

目录 1 [

始计篇 ](/chapter-1-laying-plans/) 2 [ 作战篇 ](/chapter-2-waging-war/) 3 [ 谋攻篇 ](/chapter-3-attack-by-stratagem/) 4 [ 军形篇 ](/chapter-4-tactical-dispositions/) 5 [ 兵势篇 ](/chapter-5-energy/) 6 [ 虚实篇 ](/chapter-6-weak-points-and-strong/) 7 [ 军争篇 ](/chapter-7-maneuvering/) 8 [ 九变篇 ](/chapter-8-variation-in-tactics/) 9 [ 行军篇 ](/chapter-9-the-army-on-the-march/) 10 [ 地形篇 ](/chapter-10-terrain/) 11 [ 九地篇 ](/chapter-11-the-nine-situations/) 12 [ 火攻篇 ](/chapter-12-the-attack-by-fire/) 13 [ 用间篇 ](/chapter-13-the-use-of-spies/)

孙子兵法

Sun Tzu’s THE ART OF WAR [ 首页 ](/) [ 作战篇 ](#zuozhan)

目录 1 [

始计篇 ](/chapter-1-laying-plans/) 2 [ 作战篇 ](/chapter-2-waging-war/) 3 [ 谋攻篇 ](/chapter-3-attack-by-stratagem/) 4 [ 军形篇 ](/chapter-4-tactical-dispositions/) 5 [ 兵势篇 ](/chapter-5-energy/) 6 [ 虚实篇 ](/chapter-6-weak-points-and-strong/) 7 [ 军争篇 ](/chapter-7-maneuvering/) 8 [ 九变篇 ](/chapter-8-variation-in-tactics/) 9 [ 行军篇 ](/chapter-9-the-army-on-the-march/) 10 [ 地形篇 ](/chapter-10-terrain/) 11 [ 九地篇 ](/chapter-11-the-nine-situations/) 12 [ 火攻篇 ](/chapter-12-the-attack-by-fire/) 13 [ 用间篇 ](/chapter-13-the-use-of-spies/) 《孙子兵法·作战篇》 孙子曰： 凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。 其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。 善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役。力屈、财殚，中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；(艹忌)杆一石，当吾二十石。故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。 故兵贵胜，不贵久。 故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。

白话译文： 孙子说：一般的用兵规模，需要驰车一千辆，革车一千辆，披带铠甲的战士十万人，千里迢迢运送粮食。这样国内外的各种费用开支，包括招待宾客、采办胶与漆等材料、供应车马兵甲，每天要花费千金之巨，然后这支十万大军才能开拔。

如果作战是靠持久而取胜，那么就会消耗兵力，挫伤锐气，攻城就会感到力量不足。如果长期把军队暴露在国外，那么国家财政就会感到拮据。而消耗兵力，挫伤锐气，人力、财源耗尽，那么诸侯各国就会乘此危机举兵来袭，即使足智多谋的人，也不能收拾残局。所以军事上只听说过简单的速决，没有见过巧妙的持久。用兵持久而对国家有利，是从来没有的。 所以不完全懂得用兵的害处，就不能完全懂得用兵的利处。 善于用兵的人，丘役不多次征发，粮食也不多次输送，先从国内征粮，再从敌方得到补充，所以军需用粮可以满足。国家由于军队而造成贫困，主要在于长途运输，长途运输百姓就会贫困；靠近军队驻地往往物价腾贵，物价腾贵百姓就会财源枯竭；百姓财源断绝，就会给丘役的征发造成压力。人力耗尽于原野之上，家家内部空虚，百姓的花费，十分丧失掉六分；公家的花费，包括车、马的损耗，以及铠甲、头盔、弓矢、矛戟和盾牌，还有丘牛和丘牛所驾的辐重车，十分丧失掉七分。所以聪明的将领务求取食于敌，吃敌人一钟，等于自己的二十钟；豆稭、禾秆一石，等于自己的二十石。所以杀敌是靠激发士兵对敌人的仇恨，夺取敌人是靠用财货奖赏士兵。车战中若缴获战车十辆以上，要奖赏最先获得者并更换车上的旗帜，将缴获的战车混杂使用，俘虏的士兵善加供养，这就叫战胜敌人而自己也更强大。 所以军事上只重取胜，而不重持久。 所以真正懂得军事的将领是人民生死和国家安危的主宰。

常见问题

What does Sun Tzu mean by 'there has never been a protracted war from which a country has benefited'?
Sun Tzu argues that long wars drain national resources, destroy morale, and leave the victor weakened. The economic cost of prolonged conflict outweighs any benefit — a principle that startups and businesses apply to product launches and competitive campaigns.
How does Chapter 2 apply to startup growth and venture capital?
The 'waging war' chapter is a masterclass in burn rate management. Sun Tzu warns that resources are finite, speed preserves capital, and 'foraged' resources (customer revenue) are better than 'transported' ones (VC funding). The principle of 'victorious warriors win first and then go to war' maps to achieving product-market fit before scaling.
What is Sun Tzu's advice on resource management in Chapter 2?
Sun Tzu advises: use captured enemy resources (forage on the enemy), avoid long supply lines, motivate troops with rewards, and treat prisoners well to convert them. In business: use competitor insights, keep operations lean, incentivize teams, and hire talent from competitors.
What is the connection between 'Waging War' and modern lean methodology?
Chapter 2's core thesis — 'speed is the essence of war' — directly anticipates lean startup methodology. Build fast, test quickly, avoid prolonged development. Sun Tzu's warning against 'protracted war' is essentially an ancient argument for MVPs and rapid iteration.
What does Sun Tzu teach about leadership motivation in Chapter 2?
Sun Tzu teaches that in waging war, the general must motivate through reward and shared purpose: 'the skillful leader does not require a second levy of conscripts.' In modern terms: retain talent through mission and incentive, not through constant re-hiring.